NANDA Definition: Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage (International Association for the Study of Pain); sudden or slow onset of any intensity from mild to severe with an anticipated or predictable end and a duration of less than 6 months. Pain is a highly subjective state in which a variety of unpleasant sensations and a wide range of distressing factors may be experienced by the sufferer. Pain may be a symptom of injury or illness. Pain may also arise from emotional, psychological, cultural, or spiritual distress. Pain can be very difficult to explain, because it is unique to the individual; pain should be accepted as described by the sufferer. Pain assessment can be challenging, especially in elderly patients, where cognitive impairment and sensory-perceptual deficits are more common. Defining Characteristics: • Patient reports pain • Guarding behavior, protecting body part • Self-focused • Narrowed focus (e.g., altered time perception, withdrawal from social or physical contact) • Relief or distraction behavior (e.g., moaning, crying, pacing, seeking out other people or activities, restlessness) • Facial mask of pain • Alteration in muscle tone: listlessness or flaccidness; rigidity or tension • Autonomic responses (e.g., diaphoresis; change in blood pressure [BP], pulse rate; pupillary dilation; change in respiratory rate; pallor; nausea) Read More of the Original Post ACUTE PAIN Here...
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